PMC

Operating principle diagram of phase change heat storage air source heat pump system. (1) Compressor. (2) Condenser. (3) Throttle valve. (4) Evaporator. (5) Four-way valve. (6) Fan. (7) End heat exchanger. (8) Phase change heat storage device. (9) End pump. (10) Intermediate pump. (11) Solenoid valve 1. (12) Solenoid valve 2. (13) Solenoid valve 3.

Test system with constant pressure method. 1 cleanroom, 2 air supply fan, 3 adjustment valve, 4 sealing valve, 5 pressure gauge, 6 exhaust air fan, 7 air pump, 8 flowmeter, 9 vacuum pump. Note: Air pump is used for positive pressure test, while vacuum pump is used for negative pressure test

(a) Representative structure of a desiccant-enhanced DX heat pump consisting of one compressor, one four-way valve, one expansion valve, two water-sorbing heat exchangers (WSHE), two fans, and two air switches; all of the components are located in a compact package. In the first operational mode, the top WSHE works as an evaporator and the bottom WSHE works as a condenser, with the supply air mixed with outdoor air (OA) and return air (RA) directed into the top WSHE by the front air switch and finally supplied to the room by the back air switch. The exhaust air mixed with OA and RA is directed into the bottom WSHE by the front air switch and is finally discharged to ambient air by the back air switch. (b) Second operational mode in which the four-way valve reverses the refrigerant flow in the two WSHEs, the top WSHE works as an evaporator and the bottom WSHE works as a condenser, the supply air is directed into the top WSHE by the front air switch, and finally supplied to the room by the back air switch. The exhaust air is directed into the top WSHE by the front air switch and is finally discharged to ambient air by the back air switch. (c) Photograph of a WSHE. The inset represents the structure of the desiccant-coated fin. (d) Air-processing line of the proposed heat pump for cooling and dehumidification compared to that of a DX air conditioner and THIC system, which directly satisfies the supply air with no overcooling or reheating. The sensible load is handled in the same way as before, by convection, while coated desiccants treat the latent load in a nearly isothermal way.

Schematic diagram of the engine test stand: (1) engine; (2) fuel injector; (3) UEGO sensor, (4) exhaust plenum; (5) exhaust backpressure valve; (6) exhaust muffler; (7) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyzer; (8) heated filter; (9) soot meter; (10) LA4 lambda meter; (11) high pressure fuel pump; (12) fuel tank; (13) fuel consumption meter; (14) fuel conditioner; (15) intake air control valve; (16) intake air plenum chamber; (17) intake gas analyzer; (18) intake cooling valve; (19) heat exchanger; (20) air coolant electric heater; (21) air coolant pump; (22) air filter; (23) bypass valve; (24) air-flow meter; (25) bypass air cooler; (26) air cooler fan; (27) roots compressor; (28) oil separator; (29) intake air heat exchanger; (30) intake plenum; (31) intake plenum/exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) mixing chamber; (32) EGR control valve; (33) EGR cooler.